
In both vaccines, the bubbles are coated with a stabilizing molecule of polyethylene glycol. Proprietary lipid technology is used for each. Both RNA vaccines consist of messenger RNA, or mRNA, encased in a bubble of oily molecules called lipids.
A PEGylated lipid is used as an excipient in both the Moderna and Pfizer–BioNTech vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. PEGylation of adenoviruses for gene therapy can help prevent adverse reactions due to pre-existing adenovirus immunity. The gel and encapsulated stem cells was to be injected to the site of disease and crosslinked to create the microenvironment required for the stem cells to function. They propose using the hydrogel to address periodontitis (gum disease) by encapsulating stem cells in the gel that promote healing in the gums. An example of PEG hydrogels (see Biological uses section) in a therapeutic has been theorized by Ma et al. The possibility that PEG could be used to fuse axons is being explored by researchers studying peripheral nerve and spinal cord injury. When attached to various protein medications or drug carriers, polyethylene glycol of suitable length slows down their clearance from the blood. PEG is used in medicines for treating disimpaction and maintenance therapy for children with constipation.
Whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol and added electrolytes is used for bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy. PEG is the basis of a number of laxatives (as MiraLax, RestoraLAX, etc.).
Pharmaceutical-grade PEG is used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products, in oral, topical, and parenteral dosage forms.